rs12979860

rs12979860 is a SNP near the IL28B gene, encoding interferon-lambda-3 (IFN-lambda-3). Several studies now indicate that this SNP predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance. It is associated with an approximately twofold change in response to pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFN-alpha) plus ribavirin (RBV) treatment, both among patients of European ancestry (p = 1.06 x 10e-25) and African-Americans (p = 2.06 x 10e-3). These studies indicate that the virus was eradicated in ~80% of (C;C) patients, compared to only about 25% of those with (T;T), while (C;T) response was intermediate.PMID 19684573, PMID 19749758, PMID 19749757 FDA PGx mentions about rs12979860 with respect to Boceprevir, Simeprevir, Sofosbuvir, and Telaprevir 23andMe blog rs8099917(C) less likely to respond to Hepatitis C treatment. A functional SNP rs368234815(TT) corresponds to the rs12979860(C). rs12979860(C;C) better able to become naturally Hepatitis C virus-free. rs12980275(A) usually corresponds to the rs12979860(C) Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus. Interleukin-28B polymorphism improves viral kinetics and is the strongest pretreatment predictor of sustained virologic response in genotype 1 hepatitis C virus. An IL28B polymorphism determines treatment response of hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3 patients who do not achieve a rapid virologic response. A tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction for the evaluation of rs12979860 IL28B genotype. Impact of IL28B genotype on the early and sustained virologic response in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C. Prediction of response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin by IL28B gene variation in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus. IL28B polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis C. IL28B genotype is associated with differential expression of intrahepatic interferon-stimulated genes in patients with chronic hepatitis C. IL28B polymorphism does not determine outcomes of hepatitis B virus or HIV infection. The IL-28 genotype: how it will affect the care of patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Importance of IL28B gene polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus genotype 2 and 3 infected patients. Predictive value of the IL28B polymorphism on the effect of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients with genotypes 2a and 2b. Early virologic response and IL28B polymorphisms in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin. Interferon-lambda serum levels in hepatitis C. IL-28B rs12979860 C/T allele distribution in patients with liver cirrhosis: role in the course of chronic viral hepatitis and the development of HCC. Impact of donor and recipient IL28B rs12979860 genotypes on hepatitis C virus liver graft reinfection. Pharmacodynamics of PEG-IFN-[alpha]-2a and HCV response as a function of IL28B polymorphism in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. IL-28B predicts response to chronic hepatitis C therapy--fine-mapping and replication study in Asian populations. Quantitation of pretreatment serum interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 improves the predictive value of an IL28B gene polymorphism for hepatitis C treatment response. Interleukin-28B polymorphisms are associated with histological recurrence and treatment response following liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Peginterferon and ribavirin treatment for hepatitis C virus infection. IL28B polymorphisms predict reduction of HCV RNA from the first day of therapy in chronic hepatitis C. IL28B genetic variation and treatment response in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection. Different distributions of hepatitis C virus genotypes among HIV-infected patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C according to interleukin-28B genotype. Coffee consumption is associated with response to peginterferon and ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Association between IL28B gene polymorphisms and plasma HCV-RNA levels in HIV/HCV-co-infected patients. The rs8099917 polymorphism, when determined by a suitable genotyping method, is a better predictor for response to pegylated alpha interferon/ribavirin therapy in Japanese patients than other single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with interleukin-28B. Portal pressure predicts outcome and safety of antiviral therapy in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Donor and recipient IL28B polymorphisms in HCV-infected patients undergoing antiviral therapy before and after liver transplantation. Impact of patatin-like phospholipase-3 (rs738409 C>G) polymorphism on fibrosis progression and steatosis in chronic hepatitis C. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay based on high-resolution melting analysis for the determination of the rs12979860 polymorphism involved in hepatitis C treatment response. Low-density lipoprotein receptor genotyping enhances the predictive value of IL28B genotype in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients. Influence of interleukin-28B single-nucleotide polymorphisms on progression to liver cirrhosis in human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. A polymorphism in IL28B distinguishes exposed, uninfected individuals from spontaneous resolvers of HCV infection. Interleukin-28B genotyping by melt-mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms rs12979860 and rs8099917, a useful tool for prediction of therapy response in hepatitis C patients. Limited use of interleukin 28B in the setting of response-guided treatment with detailed on-treatment virological monitoring. Importance of host genetic factors HLA and IL28B as predictors of response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin. IL28B polymorphisms determine early viral kinetics and treatment outcome in patients receiving peginterferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1. Beneficial IL28B genotype associated with lower frequency of hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The predictive value of IL28B gene polymorphism for spontaneous clearance in a single source outbreak cohort is limited in patients carrying the CCR5Delta32 mutation. Simultaneous genotyping of rs12979860 and rs8099917 variants near the IL28B locus associated with HCV clearance and treatment response. Genetic variation in the interleukin-28B gene is not associated with fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and known date of infection. IL28B rs12979860 C/T polymorphism in elderly chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin. Inverse association of IL28B genotype and liver mRNA expression of genes promoting or suppressing antiviral state. IL28B genotype effects during early treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin in difficult-to-treat hepatitis C virus infection. Progression of liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV genotype 1 co-infected patients is related to the T allele of the rs12979860 polymorphism of the IL28B gene. Distribution of polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 2B6, histocompatibility complex P5, chemokine coreceptor 5, and interleukin 28B genes in inhabitants from the central area of Argentina. IL28B polymorphisms are not associated with the response to interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis. Association of gene expression involving innate immunity and genetic variation in interleukin 28B with antiviral response. A single IL28B genotype SNP rs12979860 determination predicts treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis C Genotype 1 virus. Interleukin 28B genotype determination using DNA from different sources: A simple and reliable tool for the epidemiological and clinical characterization of hepatitis C. Polymorphism near the IL28B gene in Korean hepatitis C virus-infected patients treated with peg-interferon plus ribavirin. Genetic variation in interleukin-28B predicts SVR in hepatitis C genotype 1 Argentine patients treated with PEG IFN and ribavirin. Host genetics. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients at an academic center in Europe involved in prospective, controlled trials: is there a selection bias? Interleukin 28B polymorphism predicts pegylated interferon plus ribavirin treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4. IL28B polymorphism is associated with treatment response in patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C. Efficacy of chronic hepatitis C therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in patients on methadone maintenance treatment. Association between IL28B polymorphisms and first-phase viral load decrease in chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2b/ribavirin. Natural killer inhibitory receptor expression associated with treatment failure and interleukin-28B genotype in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Impact of IL28B on treatment outcome in hepatitis C virus G1/4 patients receiving response-guided therapy with peginterferon alpha-2a (40KD)/ribavirin. IL28B rs12979860 genotype and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in a multi-ethnic cohort of injection drug users: evidence for a supra-additive association. Single nucleotide polymorphism upstream of interleukin 28B associated with phase 1 and phase 2 of early viral kinetics in patients infected with HCV genotype 1. IL28B polymorphisms are markers of therapy response and are influenced by genetic ancestry in chronic hepatitis C patients from an admixed population. Prediction of response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients using HCV genotype, IL28B variations, and HCV-RNA load. IL28B polymorphisms influence stage of fibrosis and spontaneous or interferon-induced viral clearance in thalassemia patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Serum level of IP-10 increases predictive value of IL28B polymorphisms for spontaneous clearance of acute HCV infection. Contribution of ribavirin transporter gene polymorphism to treatment response in peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy for HCV genotype 1b patients. Hepatitis C virus viral kinetics during alpha-2a or alpha-2b pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy in liver transplant recipients with different immunosuppression regimes. Spontaneous clearance of primary acute hepatitis C virus infection correlated with high initial viral RNA level and rapid HVR1 evolution. Effect of IL28B genotype on early viral kinetics during interferon-free treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatic cell-type specific gene expression better predicts HCV treatment outcome than IL28B genotype. Impact of IL28B gene polymorphisms on interferon-lambda3 plasma levels during pegylated interferon-alpha/ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C in patients coinfected with HIV. Early viral load and recipient interleukin-28B rs12979860 genotype are predictors of the progression of hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Recipient IL28B polymorphism is an important independent predictor of posttransplant diabetes mellitus in liver transplant patients with chronic hepatitis C. Genetic variation in IL28B is associated with the development of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. IL28B and PNPLA3 polymorphisms affect histological liver damage in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Does Interleukin-28B Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Influence the Natural History of Hepatitis B? IL28B genetic variants and gender are associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus infection. Discordant results using T-ARMS-PCR and sequencing for the evaluation of rs12979860 IL28B genotype. Dysregulation of innate immunity in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 IL28B-unfavorable genotype patients: Impaired viral kinetics and therapeutic response. HCV RNA levels in a multiethnic cohort of injection drug users: Human genetic, viral and demographic associations. Differences in virological response to peginterferon-alpha plus ribavirin in HIV-positive patients coinfected with HCV subtypes 1a or 1b. Predicting sustained viral response to hepatitis C using a rapid and simple IL28B rs8099917 genotyping assay. Role of IL28B polymorphism in the development of hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, graft fibrosis, and posttransplant antiviral therapy. The interleukin 28B rs12979860 C/T polymorphism and serum cholesterol as predictors of fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and persistently normal transaminases. Association of two polymorphisms of the IL28B gene with viral factors and treatment response in 1,518 patients infected with hepatitis C virus. Development of tropical spastic paraparesis in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 carriers is influenced by interleukin 28B gene polymorphisms. Recipient interleukin-28B Rs12979860 C/T polymorphism and acute cellular rejection after liver transplantation: role of the calcineurin inhibitor used. Vitamin D levels and IL28B polymorphisms are related to rapid virological response to standard of care in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. Development of new IL28B genotyping method using Invader Plus assay. The association of genetic variants with hepatic steatosis in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C infection. IL28B CC Genotype Is Associated with Higher All-Cause Mortality in Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-Infected Patients. IL28B favorable genotype and ultrarapid viral response as the earliest treatment predictors of a sustained viral response in a Georgian cohort infected with the hepatitis C genotype 1. Vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms and baseline vitamin D levels as predictors of antiviral response in chronic hepatitis C. Comparison of three different methods for the evaluation of IL28 and ITPA polymorphisms in patients infected with HCV. Genetics of IL28B and HCV-response to infection and treatment. A straightforward genotyping of the relevant IL28B SNPs for the prediction of hepatitis C treatment outcome.

C;T

This is considered an unfavorable response genotype for hepatitis C patients considering the use of PEG-interferon-alpha containing therapeutic treatment. This basically means the odds of a successful response are lower than for patients with the rs12979860(C;C) genotype.

T;T

This is considered an unfavorable response genotype for hepatitis C patients considering the use of PEG-interferon-alpha containing therapeutic treatment. This basically means the odds of a successful response are lower than for patients with the rs12979860(C;C) genotype.