rs1800497

rs1800497, a SNP also known as the TaqIA (or Taq1A) polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor DRD2 gene (even though it is actually located over 10,000bp downstream of the gene), gives rise to the DRD2*A1 allele, whereas rs1800497(C) gives rise to the DRD2*A2 allele. The minor allele (i.e. A1, rs1800497(T)) is associated with a reduced number of dopamine binding sites in the brain , and it has been postulated to play a role in alcoholism, smoking, and certain neuropsychiatric disorders. The reduced number of dopamine binding sites may play a role in nicotine addiction by causing an "understimulated" state that can be relieved by smoking (and/or use of other drugs). It may also be associated with reduced response to errors and increased addictive behavior. A wide variety of reports have been published over more than ten years either linking rs1800497 to aspects of nicotine use and smoking cessation success, or finding no such association. A meta-analysis of 41 such studies published in 2004 concluded that overall the association of rs1800497 with such phenomena was statistically weak. This same group published (in 2009) a study showing no association between rs1800497 and improved response to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), contrary to their previous study. More recently, a relatively large study of over 700 patients attempting to kick their smoking habit using the drug bupropion determined that smokers homozygous for the A2/A2 genotype were more successful than A1/A2 or A1/A1 individuals. The A2/A2 smokers were more than three times as likely, relative to placebo, to be abstinent at end of treatment (35.2% vs. 15.1%; odds ratio = 3.25, CI: 2.00-5.28) and at 6 months of follow-up (26.7% vs. 12.2%; odds ratio = 2.81, CI: 1.66-4.77), whereas not so much by 12 months (16.3% vs. 10.7%; OR = 1.70, CI: 0.95-3.05). Basically, A1/A2 and A1/A1 genotype smokers didn't gain anything from using bupropion versus placebo; bupropion only helped A2/A2 genotypes stop smoking. In a study of individuals in the Polyp Prevention Trial with any, multiple (>/=2) or advanced colorectal adenoma recurrence after 4 years, compared to those without adenoma recurrence, rs1800497(T;T) individuals were significantly associated with all advanced adenoma recurrence (odds ratio 2.40, CI: 1.11-5.20). The authors speculate this increased risk of adenoma recurrence (and an association with colorectal cancer) may be related to SNP-associated differences in alcohol and fat intake. A 2014 preliminary study links an individual's ANKK1 rs1800497 genotype as likely to experience greater positive subjective effects following cocaine exposure, including greater 'high' and 'like', and these individuals may have increased vulnerability to continue using cocaine or they may be at greater risk to relapse during periods of abstinence. The study states that replication of these findings is necessary to confirm these findings. SNPs rs6276, rs6277, and rs1800497) in the human DRD2 gene are associated with decreased D2R expression and function, as well as high blood pressure. Data supports the hypothesis that D2R function has protective effects in human renal proximal tubule cells hRPTCs and suggest that carriers of these SNPs may be prone to chronic renal disease and high blood pressure. SNPs, rs1800497 and rs2283265, located near and within the dopamine receptor 2 DRD2 gene, respectively, were significantly associated with improvements during working memory training (p < .003 and p < .0004, respectively). A small (54 patient) study of patients with traumatic brain injury concluded that carriers of rs1800497(A) alleles recover slower as assessed by memory and attention tests. 23andMe blog diminished pleasure response from food GENETICALLY DETERMINED DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING FROM ERRORS Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Avoidance of Errors Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting A variant in ANKK1 modulates acute subjective effects of cocaine: a preliminary study. Living in the moment: Effects of time perspective and emotional valence of episodic thinking on delay discounting. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the dopamine d2 receptor increase inflammation and fibrosis in human renal proximal tubule cells. Polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor 2 gene region influence improvements during working memory training in children and adolescents.

G;G

Better avoidance of errors. Normal OCD risk, normal Tardive Dyskinesia risk, lower ADHD risk. Less Alcohol dependence. Higher risk of Postoperative Nausea. Lower obesity. Bupropion is effective. This DRD2 TaqIA A2/A2 version causes a normal amount of Dopamine Receptors. Learns from mistakes more easily. Men may have a higher risk of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder but lower risk of ADHD. Women have higher Persistence. Higher risk of Tardive Diskinesia when taking dopamine receptor antagonists. Lower risk of alcoholism and smoking addiction. Faster recovery from traumatic brain injury. 1.6x risk of early postoperative nausea within 6 hours of surgery. Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Budeprion, Prexaton, Elontril, Aplenzin, Zyban, Voxra) works to quit smoking. Lower obesity due to increased pleasure response to food.

A;G

The DRD2 TaqIA A1/A2 version causes less dopamine receptors. Doesn't learn from mistakes well. Reduced response to errors and increased addictive behavior Men may have half the risk of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder but higher risk of ADHD. Women have lower Persistence. 0.87x reduced risk of Tardive Diskinesia when taking dopamine receptor antagonists. Slightly increased risk of alcoholism and smoking addiction. Slower recovery from traumatic brain injury. Lower risk of postoperative nausea within 6 hours of surgery. Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Budeprion, Prexaton, Elontril, Aplenzin, Zyban, Voxra) doesn't help to quit smoking. Increased obesity due to decreased pleasure response to food. Single marker analysis the TaqIA rs1800497 and TaqIB rs1079597 variants were associated with heroin dependence. DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism is not associated with early infant temperament. There were no differences in the temperament style distribution between the T-carrier and non-T carrier groups. There were also no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the score of the nine temperament dimensions. Extrapyramidal adverse effects are associated with increased drug occupancy of the dopamine 2 receptors DRD2. The A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1, rs1800497, is associated with decreased striatal DRD2 density. Results strongly suggested that A1+ variants of the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A allele do confer an associated risk for akathisia in patients who were treated with second-generation antipsychotics SGAs, and these variants may explain inconsistencies found across prior studies, when comparing FGAs and SGAs. DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A (rs 1800497 C>T) genotypes are associated with susceptibility to second generation antipsychotic-induced akathisia. Multivariate analysis of dopaminergic gene variants as risk factors of heroin dependence. [DRD2/ANKK1 Taq IA polymorphism and early infant temperament].

A;A

The DRD2 TaqIA A1/A1 version causes less dopamine receptors. Doesn't learn from mistakes well. Men have 0.25x reduced risk of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder but higher risk of ADHD. Women have lower Persistence. 0.56x reduced risk of Tardive Diskinesia when taking dopamine receptor antagonists. Slightly increased risk of alcoholism and smoking addiction. Slower recovery from traumatic brain injury. Lower risk of postoperative nausea within 6 hours of surgery. Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Budeprion, Prexaton, Elontril, Aplenzin, Zyban, Voxra) doesn't help to quit smoking. Increased obesity due to decreased pleasure response to food. 2.4x increased risk for adenoma recurrence. Extrapyramidal adverse effects are associated with increased drug occupancy of the dopamine 2 receptors DRD2. The A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1, rs1800497, is associated with decreased striatal DRD2 density. Results strongly suggested that A1+ variants of the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A allele do confer an associated risk for akathisia in patients who were treated with second-generation antipsychotics SGAs, and these variants may explain inconsistencies found across prior studies, when comparing FGAs and SGAs. Single marker analysis the TaqIA rs1800497 and TaqIB rs1079597 variants were associated with heroin dependence. DRD2/ANKK1 Taq IA polymorphism is not associated with early infant temperament. There were no differences in the temperament style distribution between the T-carrier and non-T carrier groups. There were also no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the score of the nine temperament dimensions. DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A (rs 1800497 C>T) genotypes are associated with susceptibility to second generation antipsychotic-induced akathisia. Multivariate analysis of dopaminergic gene variants as risk factors of heroin dependence. [DRD2/ANKK1 Taq IA polymorphism and early infant temperament].