rs1799884
A SNP in the GCK gene on chromosome 7. Its most notable genotype is T;T: 2.7x increased risk for Type 2 Diabetes. Mothers have babies 54g heavier.
- Gene
- GCK
- Location
- Chr 744,189,469 (GRCh38)
- Highest magnitude
- 3.0Important
- Tested on
- 23andMe, AncestryDNA
- Minor allele frequency
- 19%
Genotypes
Plus strand, as in 23andMe and AncestryDNA files.
- T;TMost notableBad2.7x increased risk for Type 2 Diabetes. Mothers have babies 54g heavier.
- C;TBad1.3x increased risk for Type 2 Diabetes. Mothers have babies 27g heavier.
- C;CGoodMothers have typical Birth-Weight babies. Slightly lower risk of Type 2 Diabetes.
SNPedia records rs1799884 on the minus strand: (A;A), (A;G), (G;G). Magnitude rates how notable a genotype is from 0 to 10, not how risky it is.
Frequency
Share of each genotype in 11 HapMap populations.
- AverageT;T 3% C;T 30% C;C 67%
- European ancestry (Utah)T;T 6% C;T 27% C;C 67%
- Han Chinese (Beijing)T;T 4% C;T 34% C;C 61%
- Japanese (Tokyo)T;T 0% C;T 30% C;C 70%
- Yoruba (Nigeria)T;T <1% C;T 23% C;C 76%
- African ancestry (Southwest US)T;T 7% C;T 25% C;C 68%
- Chinese (Denver)T;T 3% C;T 33% C;C 64%
- Gujarati IndianT;T 0% C;T 24% C;C 76%
- Luhya (Kenya)T;T 3% C;T 37% C;C 60%
- Mexican ancestry (Los Angeles)T;T 2% C;T 26% C;C 72%
- Maasai (Kenya)T;T 8% C;T 32% C;C 60%
- TuscanT;T 1% C;T 37% C;C 62%
Related
Conditions, medicines and genes
Other GCK SNPs
- rs104894006A;GDiabetes, late-onset noninsulin-dependent (predicted)Very important
- rs80356654A;Tassociated with MODY2; maturity onset of diabetes in the young (type 2)Worth knowing
- rs80356655A;Gassociated with MODY2; maturity onset of diabetes in the young (type 2)Worth knowing
- rs104894005A;Cassociated with MODY2; maturity onset of diabetes in the young (type 2)Worth knowing
- rs104894008C;Tassociated with MODY2; maturity onset of diabetes in the young (type 2)Worth knowing
- rs104894009C;Gassociated with MODY2; maturity onset of diabetes in the young (type 2)Worth knowing
- rs104894011A;Cassociated with MODY2; maturity onset of diabetes in the young (type 2)Worth knowing
- rs104894016C;Tassociated with MODY2; maturity onset of diabetes in the young (type 2)Worth knowing
Notes
From SNPedia
Show notes, about 560 words
rs1799884, known also as the -30 SNP of the GCK gene, has been associated with type-2 diabetes. This SNP is one of 4 relatively common SNPs reported to represent risk for type-2 diabetes in the DESIR prospective study of 3,877 Caucasian participants. Under a recessive model, the odds ratio for rs1799884(A;A) homozygotes is 2.70 (CI: 1.51-4.83, p=0.0008); under an additive model, the odds ratio is 1.34 (CI: 1.07-1.69, p=0.01). For the 4 SNPs, each risk allele increased type-2 diabetes risk by 1.34x (p=2x10e-6), with an odds ratio of 2.48 (CI: 1.59-3.86) for carriers of 4 or more compared to those with one or none (risk alleles). A common haplotype of the glucokinase gene alters fasting glucose and birth weight: association in six studies and population-genetics analyses. Type 2 diabetes TCF7L2 risk genotypes alter birth weight: a study of 24,053 individuals. Common variants in maturity-onset diabetes of the young genes and future risk of type 2 diabetes. The genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes may be modulated by obesity status: implications for association studies. Variations in the G6PC2/ABCB11 genomic region are associated with fasting glucose levels. The common P446L polymorphism in GCKR inversely modulates fasting glucose and triglyceride levels and reduces type 2 diabetes risk in the DESIR prospective general French population. Predicting diabetes: clinical, biological, and genetic approaches: data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR). The association of common genetic variants in the APOA5, LPL and GCK genes with longitudinal changes in metabolic and cardiovascular traits. Variants in MTNR1B influence fasting glucose levels. Interaction effect of genetic polymorphisms in glucokinase (GCK) and glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) on metabolic traits in healthy Chinese adults and adolescents. Novel association of HK1 with glycated hemoglobin in a non-diabetic population: a genome-wide evaluation of 14,618 participants in the Women's Genome Health Study. Genome-wide association studies in an isolated founder population from the Pacific Island of Kosrae. Contribution of type 2 diabetes associated loci in the Arabic population from Tunisia: a case-control study. Combined effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in GCK, GCKR, G6PC2 and MTNR1B on fasting plasma glucose and type 2 diabetes risk. Additive effects of genetic variation in GCK and G6PC2 on insulin secretion and fasting glucose. Common variants at the GCK, GCKR, G6PC2-ABCB11 and MTNR1B loci are associated with fasting glucose in two Asian populations. The glucokinase gene promoter polymorphism -30G>A (rs1799884) is associated with fasting glucose in healthy pregnant women but not with gestational diabetes. Common polymorphisms in MTNR1B, G6PC2 and GCK are associated with increased fasting plasma glucose and impaired beta-cell function in Chinese subjects. Association of rs780094 in GCKR with metabolic traits and incident diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the ARIC Study. Effects of GCK, GCKR, G6PC2 and MTNR1B variants on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. [Fasting hyperglycaemia and polymorphism in glucokinase promoter (rs1799884)].
T;T
Increased birth weight for babies whose mother has this SNP.
C;T
Slightly increased Birth Weight for babies whose mother has this SNP.
Source and license
Adapted from rs1799884 on SNPedia, using a snapshot taken October 16, 2026. SNPedia content is shared under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US, and this page is shared under the same license.
SNPedia is a community-edited wiki. Its entries can be incomplete, out of date or wrong, and nothing here is a diagnosis or medical advice. Magnitude is a community rating of how interesting a genotype is, not a risk score.